RF And RFID – MESOLN

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer information from an RFID tag to the RFID reader for identification purposes. The tags used do not require battery power and in turn, they derive power from the electromagnetic field generated from the reader. Few tags are also available which have their own power source. RFID technology is used in many industrial applications for tracking purposes. For example, it is used in manufacturing industries such automobile industry to track the vehicle during the complete production cycle of it. The RFID tags can also be fixed to books, mobile phones, electronic equipment for tracking purposes. This article discusses RFID based projects for engineering students.

Here, we have listed some RF based project ideas for engineering students with descriptions and rf based projects using microcontroller. We hope this post would be more helpful for ECE and EEE students to get some good knowledge of what type of projects can be chosen in the final year. Please check the given list of RF-based projects.

In today’s world, most of all sectors, the work is done by robots or robotic arm having different number of degree of freedoms (DOF’s) as per the requirement. The idea is to change a perception of remote controls for actuating manually operated Robotic-Arm. Well, this paper presents a thought and a way to eradicate the buttons, joysticks and replace them with some of the more intuitive technique that is, controlling the complete Robotic Arm by the operators hand gesture. The proposed electronics system recognizes a particular hand gesture that will be performed in front of webcam & transmitted respected signals wirelessly through RF module. Depending on the received signals the robotic arm which is followed by AVR microcontroller performs the receptive motions at the receiver section.

A supermarket is a place where customers come to purchase their daily using products and pay for that. So there is a need to calculate how many products sold and generate the bill for the customer. When we go to shopping mart for shopping, we have to work for selecting the right product. Also, after that, it is hectic to stand in line for billing all the goods. Hence, we are proposing to develop a smart shopping cart system that will keep the track of purchased products and also online transaction for billing using RFID and ZigBee. The system will also give suggestions for products to buy based on user purchase history from a centralized system. In this system, every product in Mart will have RFID tag, and every cart will be having RFID Reader and ZigBee attached to it. There will be a centralized system for the recommendation and online transaction. Moreover, also there will be RFID reader at the exit door for anti-theft.

Many a times the person who met with an accident doesn’t get any help from the surrounding hence auto-detection of accident and notifying the accident with the location to a victim’s relatives and emergency services plays a vital role in saving person’s life. This paper describes the implementation of microcontroller based accident detection and notification system. The sensing unit contains collision sensor, alcohol sensor and tow sensor which are used to detect accident and towing of vehicle. When accident happens GPS skytrek s1315 is used to track real time location and GSM 900 is used to notify the accident via SMS. The GPS will track location in terms of latitude and longitude and the SMS „containing GPS data‟ will be sent to the victim‟s relatives (numbers which are stored by user in our system) and emergency services like hospitals, police station etc. LCD is used to display the location and status of the vehicle. S

Swarm robots use a coordinated shared intelligence to operate as a group and work in coordination.

As an emergent research area by which swarm intelligence is applied to multi-robot systems; swarm robotics (a very particular and peculiar sub-area of collective robotics) studies how to coordinate large groups of relatively simple robots through the use of local rules. It focuses on studying the design of large amount of relatively simple robots, their physical bodies and their controlling behaviours. Since its introduction in 2000, several successful experimentations had been realized, and till now more projects are under investigations. This paper seeks to give an overview of this domain research; for the aim to orientate the readers, especially those who are newly coming to this research field. General Terms Swarm robotics, swarm intelligence, multi-robot systems.

Here we propose an automated BMI calculator system that does not need the user to input anything. The user just needs to stand on a platform and the system displays BMI as well as body type of user. The system uses load cells for weight sensing along with an ultrasonic sensor for height measurement. Now the system uses a microcontroller based circuit to get values of user height and weight. Based on the values the system calculates BMI and then uses an LCD display to display the values to user. Now the system displays the bmi calculated as well as the body type of user on LCD display.

RFID based attendance system with SMS notification to parents. This system automates the attendance system by checking attendance using rfid cards as well as informs parents when student enters and leaves the academic premises. In this system we use RID tagging cards to demonstrate as user I cards. We use a microcontroller based circuit with RFID reader, LCD display, buzzer and GSM modem. The system is powered by a 12V power supply. When user scans a card on the rfid reader, the system recognizes the student and check is it is a valid student card. If the student is valid, system marks attendance and also sends an SMS notification to the parents of the students about student. Thus the parents are alerted when student enters or exits the premises. The rfid reader is interfaced to the microcontroller. The microcontroller constantly checks the reader for any id scanned. Whenever a card is scanned, the system provides the signal with card id to the microcontroller. The microcontroller on receiving the signal now displays the status of the event on LCD display. If the card is one of the cards already enrolled in system, it recognizes the card and checks the contact number entered for that particular card. It then sends an SMS to that particular number to inform about the card scan. The microcontroller uses the GSM modem to send the SMS message to particular number.

The paper describes ultrasonic blind stick with GPS tracking system. Traditionally visually impaired people used a stick to find out if any obstacles are present in front of them. But this stick is inefficient in various aspects and the person using it has to face several problems. The objective of this project is to provide the visually impaired a better navigational tool. The ultrasonic blind walking stick is way more advanced than the traditional walking stick as the use of sensors makes object detection easier. GPS system provides the information regarding to his current location. The system has one more advanced feature integrated to help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it. A wireless RF based remote is used for finding the lost stick by pressing the remote button and buzzer sounds on stick. Thus this system allows for obstacle detection as well as finding stick if misplaced by visually disabled person. The another feature of this stick is to detect water on the ground. This stick also indicate day or night vision for blind person. This paper discuss about how this stick is built and how it will help blind people. There are various methods to do it and we are using helpful concepts from each paper.

Nowadays, health care sensors are playing an essential role in hospitals. The patient monitoring system is one of the major developments because of its innovative technology. An automatic wireless health monitoring system is used to measure a patient’s body temperature and heartbeat by using embedded technology. The proposed system uses both sensors like heartbeat sensor and a temperature sensor. These sensors mainly involve monitoring the condition of the patient.

In this paper we propose a novel cooperative border surveillance solution, composed of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployed terrestrially to detect and track trespassers, and a set of lightweight unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) in the form of quadcopters that interact with the deployed WSN to improve the border surveillance, the detection and investigation of network failures, the maintenance of the sensor network, the tracking of trespasser, the capture and transmission of Realtime video of the intrusion scene, and the response to hostage situations. A heuristic-based scheduling algorithm is described to optimize the tracking mission by increasing the rate of detected trespassers spotted by the quadcopters. Together with the design of the electrical, mechanical and software architecture of the proposed quadcopter, we develop in this paper powerless techniques to accurately localize terrestrial sensors using RFID technology, compute the optimal positions of the new sensors to drop, relay data between isolated islands of nodes, and wake up sensors to track intruders. The developed prototype is tested to provide valid and accurate parameters’ values to the simulation. The latter is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed WSN-based surveillance solution.

In present time almost all the people are familiar with robots. Robots play a very important role in human life. Robots are a machine which reduces the human efforts in heavy works in industries, building etc. and makes life easy. In Our previous Projects we have made some robots like line follower, DTMF controlled robot, gesture controlled robot, computer controlled robot, but in this tutorial we are going to design a very interesting robot, that is RF controlled Robot. Interesting thing in this project is that it will run without using any microcontroller. Here we will run it directly by RF Decoder and Motor Driver.

The intension of this paper is to reduce human victims in terrorist attack.The unique feature of this surveillance robot is that it can travel both on land and water. In this paper we are using the raspberry pi to control the entire robotic module and we are using the ultrasonic sensor to sense the obstacles in the path. Surveillance area critical features include the ability to follow a search instruction plan, rigorous terrain mobility, and the capacity to classify and map underwater mines and other potential threats, communication, obstacle avoidance, and sensor payloads remain critical issues to be resolved for successful operation. Robot have been widely used to perform variety of tasks which reduce the manual work specifically in remote areas where human accessibility is unimaginable. The main applications where the robots have exhibited their excellence include surveillances, tracking targets for objective behind developing this robot is for the surveillance of human activities in the war field or border regions in order to reduce infiltrations from the enemy side.

Wildlife observers need to get a close footage of wild animals by getting into their habitats. Well it is not always safe to get close to all wild animals. So, for this purpose we put forward this wildlife observation robot with night vision capability. This robot can be operated wirelessly by users using just their android phones. The robot also has a wireless camera that sends footage stream wirelessly to the user PC. So, wildlife observers can safely get close footage of wild animals by operating this robotic vehicle from a safe distance. This system consists of an AVR-family microcontroller unit used for processing user sent commands. These commands are received by the system through a Bluetooth modem. The microcontroller then processes this data and passes on signals to driver motors. The driver motors now in turn operate the motors by providing desired signal outputs to drive the vehicle movement motors. Also, when the microcontroller receives the camera directional change signal through Bluetooth modem, it then forwards this signal to the camera motor to achieve desired camera angle. Thus, this wildlife observation robot allows for safe wildlife observation using an android device control.

RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten and/or modified. An active tag’s memory size varies according to application requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory. Passive RFID tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader. This project uses passive tags. Read-only tags are typically passive and are programmed with a unique set of data (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be modified. The reader has three main functions: energizing, demodulating and decoding. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. In this project, the RFID module reader typically contains a module (transmitter and receiver), a control unit and a coupling element (antenna). This module is interfaced with the micro controller and when the card is brought near to the RFID module it reads the data in the card and displays on the LCD. If the data in the card is matched with the data in the program memory then it compares and displays authorized message. If the data is not matched it displays unauthorized.

Fire fighter robot is a machine developed by humans to guard human live, because the accidents happening during the fire extinguishing process is uncountable. This robot main function is to detect fire and move towards the fire automatically to extinguish it from a safe distance using water.

This robot’s movement and behavior will be fully controlled by a programmable raspberry pi. This robot which will be in a form of vehicle will move right, left, front and back to detect and

extinguish the fire. This fire fighter robot will also have a thermal camera and an infrared camera mounted over it. The purpose of thermal camera is to detect fire and the temperature and the infrared camera is to provide night vision imaging which will do live recording of the entire process of extinguishing. This live recording can be viewed in PC reference which comes along with a log in system as well. Fire fighter robot is a machine developed by humans to guard human live, because the accidents happening during the fire extinguishing process is uncountable. This robot main function is to detect fire and move towards the fire automatically to extinguish it from a safe distance using water. This robot’s movement and behavior will be fully controlled by a programmable raspberry pi. This robot which will be in a

form of vehicle will move right, left, front and back to detect and extinguish the fire. This fire fighter robot will also have a thermal camera and an infrared camera mounted over it. The purpose of thermal camera is to detect fire and the temperature and the infrared camera is to provide night vision imaging which will do live recording of the entire process of extinguishing. This live recording can be viewed in PC reference which comes along with a log in system as well.

Robotics can be used to assist fire fighters to perform this task of firefighting and thus reduce the risk of their lives. Fire fighter is a robot designed to use in extreme conditions. Conventionally wireless controlled robots had many drawbacks and limited capabilities. This paper describes a smart fire fighter robot designed for defence security system with rf module, microcomputer wireless transmission. The robot can transmit real-time video in with a camera in a wireless fashion with night vision capabilities

A Supermarket is a place where customers purchase their daily products and pay accordingly, it is a hectic to stand in a long queue for billing all goods. The person at the billing counter prepare a bill using barcode reader. To overcome this technology, we are proposing an automated smart trolley with RFID technology. All the products in a supermarket are equipped with RFID tags, so when a customer drops any product in a trolley. The tags are automatically read by RFID reader, finally when the shopping is completed total cost and number of products are displayed on LCD screen which is equipped on trolley. And the same data will be sent to the host system through AWS which is helpful to owner regarding product sales and can observe real time business done in supermarket.

Nowadays numerous persons are mislaying their life owing to heart attack and shortage of medical attention to patient at correct stage. Hence, in this project we are implementing heart rate monitoring and heart attack recognition system using IoT. The patient will carry hardware having sensors with android application. The heartbeat sensor will allow checking heart beat readings and transmit them over the internet. The user may set the high and low level of heartbeat limits. Once these limits are set the system can start monitoring the patient’s heartbeat and as soon as the heart beat readings goes above or below the limit set by the user the system will send an alert about high or low heartbeat as well about chances of heart attack.

A large number of personnel are deployed to check for unauthorized parking and fine those owners. But owners evade the fine by various illegal means like bribing the personnel, threatening them etc. Towing vans need to manually search for illegally parked vehicles. This system requires large overhead costs in manpower payment, fuel and other physical surveillance. Here we propose a system that allows for automatic illegal parking detection and alerting. The system consists of integrating an RFID transmitter in every vehicle. RFID receiver circuit is mounted on every area where parking is not prohibited. If a vehicle is parked in an area where parking is not prohibited the rfid transmitter comes in rang of the receiver circuit. Once this happens the rfid reader reads the transmitter id and can instantly alert authority with area code so that authorities can directly arrive at the spot and sends an SMS to the car owner about the fine imposed on the vehicle.

We are designing a robot which can be sent to the places where there is threat to life of a human to know the surrounding things. This robot can be moved forward and reverse direction using geared motors of 60RPM. Also this robot can take sharp turnings towards left and right directions. This project uses AVR MCU as its controller. Robot can be controlled using wireless technology like Bluetooth technology. Android app which is in your hand (mobile phone) is used as remote to control the action of robot by using Bluetooth. The Bluetooth module is used here. Bluetooth is wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances this project uses 9V battery. This battery is powered using solar panel.

In the present scenario we can easily find surveillance systems to safeguard public places such as banks, shopping malls, homes, etc. from robbers. People are well acquainted with current security systems of the Indian jails. Currently CCTVs, drones and guards are used to monitor the activities of the jail. But these surveillance systems are not sufficient to supervise such criminals and ensure that there is no chance of the escaping of these prisoners. As there are many problems with the modern security systems. Some of the detected issues with these CCTVs are deteriorated images at night, noisy camera footage, flickering videos, displaying horizontal lines on videos, getting no video signal, no recording by DVR, starting and annoying false alarms, bright spots on the monitor, etc. These troubles can create much chaos in the jails and prisoner can get a chance to flee as well as deployment of these techniques is quite costlier. This shows that there is a demand of such a secure system that is economical to use and can provide satisfactory surveillance solution to the Indian jails. Many systems have been introduced earlier to fulfill this demand that generally use Iot, Bluetooth, GSM, GPS but these systems are not steady and can be affected by cyber-attacks. Through this paper we came-up with an idea to design an advanced and reliable fix for this problem statement. The aspiration of our device is to implement an intact environment in the prison that supervise the motion of the prisoners and the outsiders and overcome the limitations of the security modules available in the market.

The coin-based mobile charger designed in this paper is providing a unique service to the rural public area. Where grid power is not available for partial/full daytime so we use coin based mobile charger using radio frequency identification and a source of revenue is provided . The coinbased mobile battery charger can be quickly and easily installed outside any business purpose. The mobile phone market is a vast industry, and has spread into rural areas, public places and railways etc. as a essential means of communication. While the urban people use more complex mobiles with good power batteries lasting for several days, the rural people buy the mobile phones that require charging instantly. So many times battery becomes dead in the middle of conversation particularly at inconvenient times when access to a standard charger is not possible, so we use this coin-based mobile battery chargers are made to solve this huge problem. The user has to plug the mobile phone into one of the adapters and insert a coin or RFID reader then phone will then be given a power for charging. The capacity of mobile charging is developed with the help of fixed values. It is, of course, possible to continue charging the mobile by inserting more coins or RFID reader.

Today, the growth of technology is rapid and provides all necessary and effective solutions for the requirements. One of the most important areas of concern is security. In this scenario, IOT Asset tracking system is developed to increase the safety of women, children, people with mental disorder and any valuable items through the technology of Radio Frequency along with IOT. Radio Frequency module consists of transmitter and receiver. The transmitter is placed with the object to be tracked which sends radio waves to the receiver. If the object being tracked moves out of frequency range, an alert message and call will be sent to specified guardians through Global System for Mobile communication. Further the location of the object can be tracked whenever required through Global Positioning System. In addition, sound and vibration sensors are used to sense human behaviour like loud voice and movement of human body. If the sensor reading exceeds threshold value, messages are sent to specified mobile numbers. The frequency range between transmitter and receiver and location of assets are displayed in Thing Speak which is an opensource IOT platform.

This paper focuses on sophisticated voting system using RFID and Finger print technologies. Each user is provided a voter’s ID in the form of RFID Tag. The hardware design has a Finger print scanning sensor which is used to compare the finger print of the user with the pre-stored finger print of the user. During voting, both the finger prints are checked for matching and if it does not match, then an alert is given using buzzer. Keypad is used for selecting the voting preferences. LCD is used to display the corresponding data for each key to the user. Thus, illegal voting cannot be done since finger print is unique for each person. The voting process is carried out only if the finger print matches with the stored value.

The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation system with a four button key fob transmitter by using RF (Radio Frequency) technology. Nowadays, houses are gradually shifting from normal switches to centralized control system, involving a remote control transmitter. This technology is not only easy to use but also helps to prevent missuses of energy. Remote control (key fob) transmitter is small and very light weight, which will work from a decent distance. In order to achieve this, a RF remote(Key fob) is interfaced to the microcontroller on transmitter side which sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By operating the specified remote switch on the transmitter, the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through wireless technology. Arduino IDE software has been used to compile some programs related to the microcontroller ATmega328. (Arduino Uno R3)

This paper describes the design of RFID based security and access control system for use in hostels inside the Punjab University premises. The system combines RFID technology and biometrics to accomplish the required task. When the RFID reader installed at the entrance of hostel detects a number, the system captures the user image and scans the database for a match. If both the card and captured image belong to a registered user, access is granted; otherwise the system turns on the alarm and makes an emergency call to the security van through GSM modem. In this way, the suspicious persons can be caught.

Mechanical locks as well as electrical locks are exposed and can be broken by robbers. We here need a lock that is not exposed on outside but can lock a door from the inside. Now this lock can be still be opened by authorized user and not anyone else. Now this allows for a remotely operated secure door opening system that can be used for domestic as well as commercial usage. The proposed system puts forward a secure door opener system that can be used for a variety of purposes. We operate a lock that is locked on the inside through rf signals. Only a specified encrypted rf signal is needed to open the door. The receiver unlocks the door only when it receives specified encoded signal. We here use rf module along with microcontroller to demonstrate the system working.

The vehicle is fitted with a metal detection system that senses metals and then alarms the user about it through a buzzing sound of land mine possibility. The system works in conjunction with an 8051 series microcontroller to achieve this operation.
The push buttons are used to send commands to move the vehicle forward, backward, left and right. Two motors at receiving end operate the vehicle as per the commands received. As soon as a command is sent it gets transmitted through rf transmitter. At receiving end an rf receiver reads the command and passes it to an 8051 microcontroller for processing. The microcontroller then operates the motors to move the vehicle through a motor driver IC.
The metal detection system attached to the system detects any metal underneath it. On detection it automatically sends on a small buzzing alarm to notify user about it. Thus the metal detection system coupled with a robotic vehicle allows for operating the robotic vehicle on a 100 meter radius remotely through RF technology.

Managing multiple toll booths is a very complicated task. The system here is a smart card based toll booth system that is monitored using IoT. The Internet server maintains all the data of user accounts and also their balance. All vehicle owners would possess an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based card that stores their RFID number. The system at toll booths will monitor the cards scanned when a car arrives at the toll booth. The system then connects to the online server to check if the card is valid and if valid what is the balance. If user balance is sufficient, the toll amount is deducted online and web system sends signal back to the card scanner system that the user has been billed. On receiving this signal the system operates a motor to open the toll gate for that car. The system is controlled by a microcontroller to achieve this purpose. The microcontroller uses Wi-Fi connection to connect to the internet through which system interacts with web server to perform the online verification process. Also system allows to store data of all the vehicles passed at particular time intervals for later reference and surveillance. This system thus automates the entire toll booth billing and monitoring process with ease using RFID plus IoT based system.

Air pollution monitoring has recently become an issue of utmost importance in our society. Despite the fact that crowdsensing approaches could be an adequate solution for urban areas, they cannot be implemented in rural environments. Instead, deploying a fleet of UAVs could be considered an acceptable alternative. Embracing this approach, this paper proposes the use of UAVs equipped with off-the-shelf sensors to perform air pollution monitoring tasks. These UAVs are guided by our proposed Pollution-driven UAV Control (PdUC) algorithm, which is based on a chemotaxis metaheuristic and a local particle swarm optimization strategy. Together, they allow automatically performing the monitoring of a specified area using UAVs. Experimental results show that, when using PdUC, an implicit priority guides the construction of pollution maps by focusing on areas where the pollutants’ concentration is higher. This way, accurate maps can be constructed in a faster manner when compared to other strategies. The PdUC scheme is compared against various standard mobility models through simulation, showing that it achieves better performance. In particular, it is able to find the most polluted areas with more accuracy and provides a higher coverage within the time bounds defined by the UAV flight time.

Technology has changed so much, so is the rate of people of all ages who are attracted to electronic gadgets. In many industries, electronic devices such as smart card readers, barcodes, and RFID scanners are increasingly used. Supermarkets also need these kinds of gadgets. Currently, every person in the mall purchases the product placed in the trolley. Upon purchase, the person will have to stand in a queue for billing. In the billing process, an employee scans each product’s barcode and bills it to the final [5]. This process can take a lot of time and it can be even worse on holidays, special offers or weekends. To overcome this, a smart way to shop in malls has been developed. Each product has an RFID tag instead of a barcode. The Smart Trolley features an RFID reader, LCD module. When a person places any product on the trolley, it is scanned and the product’s cost, name, and expiration date are displayed. The total cost will be added to the final check out bill. The bill is stored in the microcontrollers memory. Once the purchase is complete, the purchase details are sent to the customer through the GSM module. Arduino IDE software tool is used for programming and Proteus software is used to check simulation results before hardware implementation.

This paper presents a fuel dispensing system based on RFID technology. The system can improve the fuelling process in order to make it much easier, secure and reliable. It prevents unauthorized fuelling by assigning a specified amount of fuel for registered vehicles, depending on their types, within a specific period of time so that each vehicle will get a sufficient amount of fuel. It also provides efficient statistics about the various quantities of fuel at the stations. The system was implemented at the Oil Products Distribution Company, The Distribution of Baghdad. It uses ELA816B RFID reader with its passive tags. It has a software application, built using VB.Net, for registration of customers, updating their accounts and charging them for the designated amount of fuel. The hardware part of this system consists of a microcontroller, card relay, LCD and other basic electronic components, and it is attached to conventional fuel dispensers in order to make them work under the RFID technology. The system uses a centralized database to allow fuel stations to share the same data about vehicles and related balance. Additional features of this system include a website and a phone application, which allow customers to login to their accounts.

Mining is one of the most dangerous trades all over the world. In some countries, underground miners lack safety, social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance. There are negative social impacts as well, such as displacement and lost livelihoods. The mining industry has the highest incidence of occupational deaths among all industries. Common causes of occupational deaths include rock falls, fires, explosions, methane intoxication, and electrocution. There are many case studies behind underground mines, a recent case study in china reveal that underground mining in China is the world’s deadliest industry. To overcome all these disasters, we have developed a better communication technology which has to be employed for an intelligent sensing and warning system. For this, RF technology is chosen for the communication inside the mines. Safety is the most vital part of any type of industry. In the mining industry safety and security is a fundamental aspect of all. To avoid any types of accidents mining industry follows some basic precautions.

We come across hospitals and NGO‟s serving disabled people. Now these people are not capable of full body movement as compared to a normal person. In such a situation we propose a system that helps disabled person display a message by just simple motion of any part of his body. Our proposed system works by reading the tilt direction of the user part. This device needs to be mounted on user finger of hand. The user now just needs to tilt the device in a particular angle to convey a message. Tilting the device in different directions conveys a different message.

The paper based public transport ticketing system, prevailing in the megacity, introduces severe malfunction in the system, malicious argument among public, corruption and most of all traffic jam. This paper actually suggests a much more public friendly, automated system of ticketing as well as the credit transaction with the use of RFID based tickets. The total system mainly acts to bring out the consistency among various bus agencies that will conclude in uniform access of passengers in daily rides through an automated server being updated every single time the passengers travel by carrying the RFID based tickets.

This system is very helpful for saving the life of a person drowning in the water. This is done by informing the heartbeat rate of any person in the water to the lifeguard. Our system will monitor the heart rate. It will then transmit using RF. its range would be around 5-6 meters, if under water around 2-4 meters. For this the system includes transmitting and receiver circuit. The receiver circuit is with the lifeguard to inform about the person’s heart beat rate, while the transmitting circuit is with the person in the water.

This paper describes the design of a model of wireless remote control car using radio frequency. This remote correspondence framework can be utilized to transmit distinctive sorts of signs from transmitting end to accepting end. The control motion from the transmitter is sent to the beneficiary which is associated with a protestor gadget or vehicle that will be remotely controlled. The authors have first design the transmitter section and then they have design the receiver section. In this research work, authors will try to construct a car that has the ability to be controlled using the remote through the wireless transmission. This remote control car is work run both on land and water efficiently.

This paper presents the wireless bomb disposal robot which will help to improve defense of our nation from terrorist, suicide bombers and other such activities. The bomb detectors and disposal system works only with the presence of experts. But this way of analyzing takes more time and make risk to life of experts. The Wireless Bomb Disposal Robot uses a control application, at the user end to control the robot remotely using Wireless technology. The bomb technician controls the robot using this application at control site. Input from the user is transmitted over Bluetooth to the Receiver, where it is received, identified and given to the appropriate module (Robot) to act. The Robot consists of a Base, a robotic Arm and a wireless camera on it. We have used DC motors for the elbow and the gripper of the robotic arm. As we are not risking the life of a bomb expert or any other commando. Hence introducing the safest way for disposing the explosive to save life of common people.

Car parking management in organizations and malls often consists of many tasks like issuing tokens, noting the check-in and check-out time, calculating fare and finally collecting the amount.

As the number of vehicles are increasing, the problems faced by manual parking management system are also increasing. Such problems can be eliminated to some extent by implementing an intelligent parking system where the entry and exit of cars is monitored and payment is made easy with sensor technology.

This project deals with an interesting manner of security access based car parking system using ATmega48 microcontroller and RFID Technology.

Current parking systems are all manually operated systems with personnel deployed to handle the parking process. Here we propose a fully automated parking management system. Here we use a combination of IR and RF technology in order to provide an advanced fully automated parking management system. The system keeps track of vehicles entering and exiting the system. Also keeps track of the balance amount of the vehicle, deducts a particular amount when vehicle enters the parking premises. Our system first takes user id through his rf notification. It then tallies the rf code to check for user balance in account. If user has sufficient balance then the system waits for him to arrive at the parking gate. The gate uses IR sensors to detect a car arrival. Once the IR sensor pair detects it gives an intimation to the system that the vehicle has arrived. The system then deducts balance from that particular account and increments the number of vehicles entered in the facility. It does not open the gate if user has insufficient balance. The system also continuously scans for number of vehicle exiting the gate through exit gate. An IR sensor pair at the exit gate is used for this purpose. When the sensor detects a car at exit gate it signals the system to decrease the count of parked vehicles by one. Thus we provide a fully automated parking management system that successfully parking space along with account balance management with ease.

Now a days, Home Security threat is the most challenging task in our life. To overcome this threat, our houses must be Smart. This paper gives a solution to overcome the Home security threat. Using Zigbee network enabled digital technology, we can make our home Smart and secure. The technology gives us the opportunity to increase the connectivity of various devices hence we can get an overall security solution. Moreover, as the area of Internet is widening, we can remotely control and monitor the network enabled devices. The device can also send signal to the remote person whom we want to notify about the threat. Common gateway is used by both the Zigbee security system and Wi-Fi network for integration purpose. The use of this system would be user-friendly, flexible and cost effective. This system will based on Zigbee network. Hence, the hardware required would be Zigbee Modules, Micro-(ATMEGA168), Relays, Voltage Regulator and various sensor devices. In this method, The sensors will sense the threat and send signals to the micro-controller through Zigbee network and the micro-controller would take appropriate action and send signal to the remote location on the reception of threat signals.

Zigbee technology is simple, flexible and very reliable to use. It is broadly used transceiver standard. It has low data rate and consume low power. It’s operational range is in between 10 meters to 20 meters but can be extended upto 150 meters by the use of direct sequence spread spectrum (which is quite well for the purpose of a home).

The advancements made in technology of robotics have made life of mankind very much easier and comfortable. This paper describes a smart floor cleaning robot that allows cleaning the floor by giving instructions to the robot. This robot makes floor cleaning process easy and fast utilizing a wireless robotic cleaning system. This wireless system consists of a transmitter application that runs on an android mobile app which allows the robot to follow commands given by the user through the transmitter app. The proposed robot consists of Arduino UNO controller which has fourteen digital input/output pins, robotic arm with cleaning pad with a water sprayer for efficient cleaning. The Arduino UNO, on receiving the commands from android device through Bluetooth receiver, decodes the given commands and controls the motors to achieve the desired path and direction

The conflagration of fire is still a serious problem caused by humans, and houses are at a high risk of fire. Recently, people have used smoke alarms which only have one sensor to detect fire. Smoke is emitted in several forms in daily life. A single sensor is not a reliable way to detect fire. With the rapid advancement in Internet technology, people can monitor their houses remotely to determine the current condition of the house. This paper introduces an intelligent smoke alarm system that uses ZigBee transmission technology to build a wireless network, uses random forest to identify smoke, and uses E-charts for data visualization. By combining the real-time dynamic changes of various environmental factors, compared to the traditional smoke alarm, the accuracy and controllability of the fire warning are increased, and the visualization of the data enables users to monitor the room environment more intuitively. The proposed system consists of a smoke detection module, a wireless communication module, and intelligent identification and data visualization module. At present, the collected environmental data can be classified into four statuses, that is, normal air, water mist, kitchen cooking, and fire smoke. Reducing the frequency of miscalculations also means improving the safety of the person and property of the user.

The project is an electronic notice board that is controlled by an android device and displays message on it. Traditionally, ther e were notice boards where any information or notice had to be stick daily. This becomes tedious and requires daily maintenance. The project overcomes this problem by introducing an electronic display notice board interfaced to an android device through in ternet connectivity. The receiver device receives the message from the android device that is sent to a micro controller. The micro controller displays the message on a digital screen. This project can be used in colleges, offices, railway stations or airports for displaying any information.

A car is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. The car which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the car motion with them. Here we use Bluetooth communication to interface controller and android. Controller can be interfaced to the Bluetooth module though UART. According to commands received from android the robot motion can be controlled. The consistent output of a robotic system along with quality and repeatability are unmatched.

Over the past decade, there has been drastic improvement and advancement in consumer electronics and embedded systems. Various home appliances such as light bulbs, fans, television set, CD players etc. are set to realize switching control using a coded smart phone. This has given rise to a home environment where appliances can be connected and controlled at a distance. This project demonstrates the design of an automated system to assist and provide support in order to fulfil the needs of the physically disabled and elderly ones in controlling electrical appliances in homes. The main control system implement wireless Bluetooth technology to provide remote access from our smart phones to a Bluetooth module and then to a control and switching unit. Bluetooth wireless connection enables the system to communicate with a java application on an Android smart phone without cable. The user can easily touch on the screen of the phone to control the home appliances. This portable method is able to assist the disabled, sick and elderly people who have difficulties with locomotion. This system is intended to control electrical appliances and devices in house with relatively low cost design, user friendly interface and ease of installation.

The work is designed to develop a pick and place robotic arm vehicle with a soft catching gripper that is designed to avoid extra pressure on the suspected object (Like Bombs) for safety reasons. The robotic vehicle is android application controlled for remote operation. At the transmitting end using android application device, commands are sent to the receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward, backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end four motors are interfaced to the microcontroller where two of them are used for arm and gripper movement of the robot while the other two are for the body movement of the vehicle. The main advantage of this robot is its soft catching arm that is designed to avoid extra pressure on the suspected object for safety reasons. The android application device transmitter acts as a remote control that has the advantage of adequate range, while the receiver end Bluetooth device is connected to the microcontroller to drive DC motors via motor driver IC for necessary operation. Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone/Tablet etc., with Android OS; upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen operation.

Home automation is the present and future for home appliances and devices. A smarter lighting solution is to use wireless light switches and dimmers. Standard dumb light bulbs is the only we are conditioned to control light switches. The more convenient way to control all our home lights is when we turn ON or OFF all lights at once. This automation project using Atmega328p microcontroller is used to controlling AC load with the use of Bluetooth. The intensity of AC loads can be controlled using the provided android app; firstly, the load is selected using the android app, then we can change the intensity of the load up and down while the joystick buttons are pressed. The up button will increase the intensity, while the down button will decrease respectively. We use an atmega328P microcontroller which is interfaced with a Bluetooth module which is connected to the android app. The commands are then sent by the android app is received and further processed by the controlling. So, basically, we can control up to 5 AC Loads individually using this circuit.

The system is based on Atmega48 family microcontroller. Which when gets a signal from phone gives the signal to respective pump to start or stop the flow of juice. The system is based on Android phone control. The phone is connected to Machine with Bluetooth module. One more extra part is IR sensors are placed at Juice outlet which detects the presence or absence of glass. If glass is not present it will notify the customer via display and a buzzer and will not start the flow. It also detects how much glass is filled if the glass is full the machine will stop the flow automatically.

In this paper, the design of maze solving robot which has the ability to navigate automatically in an unknown area based on its own decision is presented. For the proposed design algorithm, a wall following technique based on LSRB and RSLB algorithm is used. The designed robot obtains input from ultrasonic sensor, Infra-red sensor and wheel rotation encoders and then make decision for solving maze. It has the capability to solve the maze by taking the shortest distant path and it stores the details for the further reference also. The designed robot has the ability to learn any arbitrary maze and find the possible shortest route for solving it. The best application of this designed robot could be for navigational purposes

This project describes the implementation of a voice-controlled robotic car using Arduino. In this project, the user gives specific voice commands to the robot through an Android app installed on the smartphone. At the receiving side, a Bluetooth transceiver module receives the commands and forwards them to the Arduino on the robotic car.

Arduino controls the movements of the robot according to received commands. The robot moves forwards, backwards, left and right, and stops according to the voice commands forward, backward, left, right and stop, respectively.

Our proposed project aims to have control over the Ac power applied to a load by controlling the firing angle of a thyristor. In comparison to various methods this method is quite effective to control such a power supply.
The android interface required for sending commands can be sent through any android based phone/tab or any device running on android OS. The system makes use of a waveform zero crossing point that is detected by a comparator and the output of this is fed to the comparator.
The microcontroller is programmed to delay triggering control my making use of an opto isolator interface to a pair of SCR’s. The power through the SCR’s is then applied to the load.
The project makes use of an AVR microcontroller for the operation. The commands sent via android device are received by a Bluetooth receiver mounted on the circuit. The receiver then processes the commands and sends it to the microcontroller for further processing. A lamp is used to demonstrate as a induction motor. The lamp intensity is varied as per the commands to simulate as induction motor speed.

The project is to develop a robotic vehicle capable of detecting the presence of fire and extinguishing it automatically. It is a movable robot that consists of gas sensor for detecting the fire, gear motor and motor driver for the movement of the robot, relay driver for pump control and a Bluetooth module which are used for the detecting and extinguishing the fire. Usually, the robot moves at a steady speed. When the gas sensor detects the fire in the environment, the signal indicating the presence of fire will be sent to the Arduino through which the extinguishing is done. In the extinguishing process, whenever the detection of fire is positive the robot will stop at the place of fire occurred and starts the pump and sprinkle water through a sprinkler until the smoke is put off. The entire control is achieved using Arduino which is interfaced with the android mobile via Bluetooth module, so that the control of the robot can be made from an android mobile as well.

We know that in industries, loads are distributed over large distances, At present, they are physically controlled which makes it complex to organize the lighting with the particular scene and it is not convenient to operate all those equipment time to time and it is also time to consume.For distant controlling and monitoring of different loads and by means of efficient power usage we are introducing android based programmable sequential load operation controlled system.

in this we can switch the industrial loads using programmable device and android application for sequential operation. Remote operation is achieved by any smart phone with android OS upon a GUI based touch operation.In industries, there are many tasks are carried out which requires some repeated operation in various orders and time intervals so the objective of this project is to facilitate the loads, that are to be operated either manually or automatically, by using remote Android mobile

Our project aims at a system that provides the required authority, the ability to change the password as and when needed. Organizational security is an important factor these days. This is applicable to intellectual as well as physical property security.
Our system aims to provides an improved security systems to domestic and organizational industry. Our project has a system that is configured to allow authorized person with a password. A password changing provision is also provided along with it.
The password entering feature is provide through remote access. The remote access is provided with the use of an android application that is to be run on any android operated device. The app provides an interactive GUI for this system.
The system is operated using an 8051 microcontroller. An EEPROM is used to store user password. The password entered through the android device is received through Bluetooth receiver and then passed on to AVR microcontroller which then processes it and then check its validity by comparing against user stored password.
Our system uses a door that would be unlocked on entering the right password.

Robot is a re-programmable, multi-functional device which is primarily designed to do work like human such as pick and place, loading and unloading, surveillance, health care, industrial, aerospace application. Robots can perform dangerous and accurate work to increase the productivity as they can work 24 hours without rest. This paper deals with the design and control of automated vehicle type robot which can move in desired direction and captures pictures and videos of required location. An android application has developed using App inventor and a Bluetooth communication is made with robot which interfaces with microcontroller to control its speed and direction. Aim of this work is to design and control the motion of robot using Bluetooth device of an Android phone.

The main objective behind developing this robot is for the surveillance of human activities in the war field or border regions in order to reduce infiltrations from the enemy side. The robot consists of night vision wireless camera which can transmit videos of the war field in order to prevent any damage and loss to human life. Military people have a huge risk on their lives while entering an unknown territory. The robot will serve as an appropriate machine for the defense sector to reduce the loss of human life and will also prevent illegal activities. It will help all the military people and armed forces to know the condition of the territory before entering it.

Now a days, Home Security threat is the most challenging task in our life. To overcome this

threat, our houses must be Smart. This paper gives a solution to overcome the Home security threat. Using Zigbee network enabled digital technology, we can make our home Smart and secure. The technology gives us the opportunity to increase the connectivity of various devices hence we can get an overall security solution. Moreover, as the area of Internet is widening, we can remotely control and monitor the network enabled devices. The device can also send signal to the remote person whom we want to notify about the threat. Common gateway is used by both the Zigbee security system and Wi-Fi network for integration purpose. The use of this system would be user-friendly, flexible and cost effective.This system will based on Zigbee network. Hence, the hardware required would be Zigbee Modules, Micro-Controller (ATMEGA168), Relays, Voltage Regulator and various sensor devices. In this method, The sensors will sense the threat and send signals to the micro-controller through Zigbee network and the micro-controller would take appropriate action and send signal to the remote location on the reception of threat signals.

We know that in industries, loads are distributed over large distances, At present, they are physically controlled which makes it complex to organize the lighting with the particular scene and it is not convenient to operate all those equipment time to time and it is also time to consume. For distant controlling and monitoring of different loads and by means of efficient power usage we are introducing android based programmable sequential load operation controlled system.

in this we can switch the industrial loads using programmable device and android application for sequential operation. Remote operation is achieved by any smart phone with android OS upon a GUI based touch operation. In industries, there are many tasks are carried out which requires some repeated operation in various orders and time intervals so the objective of this project is to facilitate the loads, that are to be operated either manually or automatically, by using remote Android mobile

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